With increasing evidence of adverse health effects of lower lead levels (below 10microg/dL in whole blood), studies on novel internal dose biomarkers are needed. This study aimed at: (1) assessing the lead exposure by measuring this element in whole blood (Pb-blood), serum (Pb-serum), and 3 different types of saliva: whole (Pb-whole-saliva), submandibular/sublingual (Pb-sub-saliva) and parotid saliva (Pb-parotid-saliva); (2) correlating Pb-blood with Pb-serum; and (3) relating Pb-blood and Pb-serum with the lead found in the different salivas. The study population included 444 children aged 6 to 8years attending 4 government schools in the district of Campos Eliseos, in Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo State, Brazil. Whole blood, serum, parotid, submandibular/sublingual ("sub-saliva"), and whole saliva were collected in trace element-free tubes. Lead concentrations were determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Median Pb-blood and Pb-serum were 2.1microg/dL and 0.4microg/L, respectively. Ten percent of the children had Pb-blood between 4.0 and 9.4microg/dL. Boys showed higher Pb-blood than girls (2.3 vs. 2.0microg/dL, p0.0003). Lead concentrations in whole, sub, and parotid saliva were 1.7, 1.4, and 1.3microg/L, respectively.
No significant correlations were found between Pb-blood and Pb-serum, between Pb-blood and lead in the 3 different salivas, or between Pb-serum and Pb-whole-saliva or Pb-sub-saliva. However, there was a weak statistically significant correlation between Pb-serum and Pb-parotid-saliva. In conclusion, the mean Pb-blood concentration was 2.4microg/dL, with 10% of the children exhibiting Pb-blood between 4.0 and 9.4microg/dL. Boys presented higher Pb-blood.
Results suggest that Pb-blood has no correlation with Pb-serum or lead in the 3 different salivas collected here. A weak but statistically significant correlation between Pb-serum and Pb-parotid-saliva was found. Our results also point to the need for carrying out more studies on sources of exposure and lead levels in children in Brazil.
Costa de Almeida GR, de Freitas Tavares CF, de Souza AM, Sampaio de Sousa T, Rodrigues Funayama CA, Barbosa F Jr, Tanus-Santos JE, Gerlach RF.
Department of Morphology, Estomatology and Physiology, Dental School of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo - FORP/USP, Av. do Café, S/N, Monte Alegre, CEP 14040-904, Ribeirao Preto-SP, Brazil
Thursday
Tuesday
mRNA profiling for body fluid identification by reverse transcription endpoint PCR and realtime PCR
Forensic Science International: Genetics, Volume 3, Issue 2, Pages 80-88
C. Haas, B. Klesser, C. Maake, W. Bär, A. Kratzer
Abstract
mRNA profiling is a promising new method for the identification of body fluids from biological stains. Major advantages of mRNA profiling are the possibility of detecting several body fluids in one multiplex reaction and of simultaneously isolating DNA without loss of material.
A reverse transcription endpoint polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method and a realtime PCR assay were established for the identification of blood, saliva, semen, vaginal secretions and menstrual blood, and were compared to conventional enzymatic and immunologic tests.
The results for specificity, sensitivity and suitability to biological stains were satisfying and mRNA stability was demonstrated for up to 2-year-old stains. Two novel multiplex assays were created with the endpoint PCR primers: multiplex 1 amplifies two markers for each of the above mentioned body fluids and is suited for screening; multiplex 2 was designed for the detection of blood, vaginal secretions and menstrual blood.
The results demonstrate that both endpoint PCR and realtime PCR are suitable for the identification of body fluids in forensic stains and represent an effective alternative to conventional enzymatic and immunologic tests.
C. Haas, B. Klesser, C. Maake, W. Bär, A. Kratzer
Abstract
mRNA profiling is a promising new method for the identification of body fluids from biological stains. Major advantages of mRNA profiling are the possibility of detecting several body fluids in one multiplex reaction and of simultaneously isolating DNA without loss of material.
A reverse transcription endpoint polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method and a realtime PCR assay were established for the identification of blood, saliva, semen, vaginal secretions and menstrual blood, and were compared to conventional enzymatic and immunologic tests.
The results for specificity, sensitivity and suitability to biological stains were satisfying and mRNA stability was demonstrated for up to 2-year-old stains. Two novel multiplex assays were created with the endpoint PCR primers: multiplex 1 amplifies two markers for each of the above mentioned body fluids and is suited for screening; multiplex 2 was designed for the detection of blood, vaginal secretions and menstrual blood.
The results demonstrate that both endpoint PCR and realtime PCR are suitable for the identification of body fluids in forensic stains and represent an effective alternative to conventional enzymatic and immunologic tests.
The prevalence of the use of 'dry sex' traditional medicines, among Zambian women, and the profile of the users
Concern has been voiced about the 'dry sex' practice in Southern and Central Africa, and its possible role in the transmission of the Human Immuno-deficiency Virus (HIV). Despite this concern, there has been little information about the practice. Most of the available information has been anecdotal, speculative or inadequate mainly because of cultural reluctance to discuss or investigate personal sexual issues. This article provides information about the prevalence of the practice in Zambia and the profile of its practitioners. A cross-sectional study involving 812 Zambian women was undertaken in Lusaka, the capital city of Zambia. Quantitative and qualitative data was obtained through self-administered questionnaires, interviews, in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. The quantitative data was analysed using SPSS, and the qualitative data was used to complement and clarify the quantitative data. Awareness of the 'dry sex' practice was almost universal among Zambian women. About two-thirds had used 'dry sex' traditional medicines (DSTM) at some point in their lives, and about half were using them. Those who were most likely to have been using, or to have used DSTM, were those who were older, married, with little or no formal education, mainstream Christians, from the lower socio-economic levels, homemakers, manual workers (p < 0.001), originally from the Eastern province of Zambia (p < 0.002) and those who had spent most of their formative years in rural areas (p < 0.006).The study showed that the knowledge and use of DSTM is widespread among Zambian women, especially among those who were most likely to adhere to traditional views and beliefs about womanhood and marriage, and perhaps those likely to have a poor sense of self-worth or less confidence. In view of the concern about the possible role of 'dry sex' in HIV transmission, these findings would be useful in Health education strategies.
Mbikusita-Lewanika M, Stephen H, Thomas J.
School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, King's College, London, UK.
Mbikusita-Lewanika M, Stephen H, Thomas J.
School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, King's College, London, UK.
Friday
How do you collect vaginal secretions
Your probably wondering who in the world would want to collect human biological fluids let alone want to handle any on a daily basis. I have to tell you that the amount of research that is currently being performed in genomics, proteomics, cell analysis and drug discovery is expanding every year just so we can reach those boundaries of technology to diagnose and treat diseases. Life Science Researchers and diagnostic manufacturers need companies such as Lee Biosolutions with our dedicated team of scientists help supply protein rich biologicals and purified antigens. ( I had to get a good plug for us somewhere in the intro)
I have to tell you that Lee Biosolutions has become one of the most recognized sources of human biological products in the world. Your right, I don't have any real data to back this up but off the top of my head if you know of anyone who can collect 500 liters of human saliva or 15 liters of human semen and ship to 22 different countries, let me know and I'll say I'm the second most recognized or third, whatever. I know we are in high demand in addition to the proteins we isolate for the clinical diagnostic industry (more stroking, I know).
You've probably already clicked on the link of our biological fluid line and saw fluids such as Human Urine , Human Semen and also Vaginal Fluid . Yes, we do have protocols and I thought I would share the one that gives me the most grief with my friends. Now listen, if your pissing razor blades or have some festering Chancroid , your not on my list of donors unless a researcher from Helsinki calls me up and wants a donor with some STD that I have to look up how to spell the dang thing let alone find out if I even want to meet someone with it.
Believe it or not we do have protocols for the following:
Vaginal Fluid Protocol:
Containers: Lee BioSolutions, Inc. provides containers with lids, labeled and marked with tare weight. Be sure to put your name on the container next to your donor number in permanent ink. Please take care not to allow any contamination by other materials or liquids. Vaginal fluid must be frozen after collection and kept frozen at all times. The donation may be delivered to our office or you may call us to arrange a pickup.
Procedure: Current technique for collecting vaginal fluid is as follows:
Be sure to note how many days before or after ovulation. When you feel a greater degree of wetness during sexual arousal by manual stimulation gingerly use the plastic pipettes provided by inserting into the vagina and sucking on the inside edge . Pipette the vaginal fluid into the vials provided. Secure the cap, label the date and place in the freezer.
If there are other methods that you have discovered that works, please notify us so that we can pass along.
Payment: When the vaginal fluid is received it is weighed in the container, and the weight of the container is subtracted. Checks are sent out within two weeks of receipt of the donation to the address shown on the consent form. Understand that Lee BioSolutions, Inc. will not pay for any donations below the minimum analyte level or for any adulterated material. If product is found to have been adulterated, a permanent suspension of your donations will be enforced and no payment issued.
More to come when I have time. I am looking for someone with renal tubular proteinuria. If you have been diagnosed, shoot me an email.I dont' want to be rude but if you don't know what it is, you don't have it.
I have to tell you that Lee Biosolutions has become one of the most recognized sources of human biological products in the world. Your right, I don't have any real data to back this up but off the top of my head if you know of anyone who can collect 500 liters of human saliva or 15 liters of human semen and ship to 22 different countries, let me know and I'll say I'm the second most recognized or third, whatever. I know we are in high demand in addition to the proteins we isolate for the clinical diagnostic industry (more stroking, I know).
You've probably already clicked on the link of our biological fluid line and saw fluids such as Human Urine , Human Semen and also Vaginal Fluid . Yes, we do have protocols and I thought I would share the one that gives me the most grief with my friends. Now listen, if your pissing razor blades or have some festering Chancroid , your not on my list of donors unless a researcher from Helsinki calls me up and wants a donor with some STD that I have to look up how to spell the dang thing let alone find out if I even want to meet someone with it.
Believe it or not we do have protocols for the following:
Vaginal Fluid Protocol:
Containers: Lee BioSolutions, Inc. provides containers with lids, labeled and marked with tare weight. Be sure to put your name on the container next to your donor number in permanent ink. Please take care not to allow any contamination by other materials or liquids. Vaginal fluid must be frozen after collection and kept frozen at all times. The donation may be delivered to our office or you may call us to arrange a pickup.
Procedure: Current technique for collecting vaginal fluid is as follows:
Be sure to note how many days before or after ovulation. When you feel a greater degree of wetness during sexual arousal by manual stimulation gingerly use the plastic pipettes provided by inserting into the vagina and sucking on the inside edge . Pipette the vaginal fluid into the vials provided. Secure the cap, label the date and place in the freezer.
If there are other methods that you have discovered that works, please notify us so that we can pass along.
Payment: When the vaginal fluid is received it is weighed in the container, and the weight of the container is subtracted. Checks are sent out within two weeks of receipt of the donation to the address shown on the consent form. Understand that Lee BioSolutions, Inc. will not pay for any donations below the minimum analyte level or for any adulterated material. If product is found to have been adulterated, a permanent suspension of your donations will be enforced and no payment issued.
More to come when I have time. I am looking for someone with renal tubular proteinuria. If you have been diagnosed, shoot me an email.I dont' want to be rude but if you don't know what it is, you don't have it.
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